Where it sitsAbandon opens Chapter I — Distress – emergency. Two general-purpose repeat instructions come first; then the whole range of intention around leaving a vessel: the master's own decision, a request lacking the means, and the orders and questions aimed at another vessel.
The ordering rule of the block: it runs from what I am doing (AC–AE), through what I intend or refuse (AF), to what you should do (AG–AH), closing with a vessel spoken of in the third person (AI). The subject moves from me, to you, to her.
| Group | Meaning |
|---|---|
| AA | Repeat all after . . . |
| AB | Repeat all before . . . |
| AC | I am abandoning my vessel. |
| AD | I am abandoning my vessel which has suffered a nuclear accident and is a possible source of radiation danger. |
| AE | I must abandon my vessel. |
| AE 1 | I (or crew of vessel indicated) wish to abandon my (or their) vessel, but have not the means. |
| AE 2 | I shall abandon my vessel unless you will remain by me, ready to assist. |
| AF | I do not intend to abandon my vessel. |
| AF 1 | Do you intend to abandon your vessel? |
| AG | You should abandon your vessel as quickly as possible. |
| AH | You should not abandon your vessel. |
| AI | Vessel (indicated by position and/or name or identity signal if necessary) will have to be abandoned. |
Three pairs that differ by one word. AG = you should abandon against AH = you should not; AF is my statement and AF 1 the same sentence turned into a question; AE is compulsion ("I must"), AE 1 a wish with no means, AE 2 a condition placed on you.
Two nuclear groups are missing here on purpose. AJ and AK belong to this family of ideas, but the source prints them only later, as cross-references inside the Radiation danger table. AD is the one nuclear group the Abandon table itself carries. Do not complete AJ/AK from memory — the only wording available is the one printed there.
The Code organises Assistance into four movements, always in this order: required → not required or declined → given or not given → proceeding to assistance. A group's place in that march is half its meaning.
The three ways of askingNC = I am in distress and require immediate assistance — distress itself · CB = I require immediate assistance — bare, no distress declared · CC = I am (or vessel indicated is) in distress in lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . from place indicated, distance . . .) and require immediate assistance — the one that carries the position.
| Group | CB and its eight complements — "I require immediate assistance; . . ." |
|---|---|
| CB 1 | I have a dangerous list. |
| CB 2 | I have damaged steering gear. |
| CB 3 | I have a serious disturbance on board. |
| CB 4 | I am aground. |
| CB 5 | I am drifting. |
| CB 6 | I am on fire. |
| CB 7 | I have sprung a leak. |
| CB 8 | Propeller shaft is broken. |
| Group | Assistance required — the rest of the block |
|---|---|
| V | I require assistance. |
| W | I require medical assistance. |
| CD | I require assistance in the nature of . . . (Complements Table II). |
| TY | I request assistance from fishery protection (or fishery assistance) vessel . . . |
| CE | I will attempt to obtain for you the assistance required. |
| BF | Aircraft is ditched in position indicated and requires immediate assistance. |
| CF | Signals from vessel/aircraft requesting assistance are coming from bearing . . . from me (lat . . . long . . . if necessary). |
| CG | Stand by to assist me (or vessel indicated). |
| CG 1 | I will stand by to assist you (or vessel indicated). |
| CH | Vessel indicated is reported as requiring assistance in lat . . . long . . . |
| CH 1 | Lightvessel (or lighthouse) indicated requires assistance. |
| CH 2 | Spaceship is down in lat . . . long . . . and requires immediate assistance. |
| CI | Vessel aground in lat . . . long . . . requires assistance. |
| Group | The CJ questions · assistance not required or declined |
|---|---|
| CJ | Do you require assistance? |
| CJ 1 | Do you require immediate assistance? |
| CJ 2 | Do you require any further assistance? |
| CJ 3 | What assistance do you require? |
| CJ 4 | Can you proceed without assistance? |
| CK | Assistance is not (or is no longer) required by me (or vessel indicated). |
| CL | I offered assistance but it was declined. |
| Group | Given / not given · proceeding to assistance |
|---|---|
| CM | One or more vessels are assisting the vessel in distress. |
| CM 1 | Vessel/aircraft reported in distress is receiving assistance. |
| CN | You should give all possible assistance. |
| CN 1 | You should give immediate assistance to pick up survivors. |
| CN 2 | You should send survival craft to assist vessel indicated. |
| CO | Assistance cannot be given to you (or vessel/aircraft indicated). |
| CO 1 | I cannot give the assistance required. |
| CP | I am (or vessel indicated is) proceeding to your assistance. |
| CP 1 | SAR aircraft is coming to your assistance. |
| CR | I am proceeding to the assistance of vessel/aircraft in distress in lat . . . long . . . |
| CT | I (or vessel indicated) expect to reach you at time indicated. |
| CU | Assistance will come at time indicated. |
| CU 1 | I can assist you. |
| CV | I am unable to give assistance. |
| CV 1 | Will you go to the assistance of vessel indicated (in lat . . . long . . .)? |
| CV 2 | May I assist you? |
| CV 3 | Can you assist me (or vessel indicated)? |
| CV 4 | Can you assist? |
The CV block is where marks are lost. CV = I cannot · CU 1 = I can · CV 2 = may I assist you · CV 3 / CV 4 = can you assist me. Same verb, opposite direction, one numeral apart.
Two of these are procedure signals, not assistance signals. The footnote marks CQ (Call for unknown station(s) or general call to all stations) and CS (What is the name or identity signal of your vessel (or station)?) with an asterisk: "* Procedure signal." They sit inside the sequence only by alphabetical order.
And the page closes with borrowed groups (CW–CX) whose home is elsewhere, gathered because each turns on whether assistance is needed: TZ (Can you offer assistance? — Complements Table II), AE 2, IX 1, IY, IY 1, KA 1, KN 1 and PK (I cannot steer without assistance).
And the page closes with borrowed groups (CW–CX) whose home is elsewhere, gathered because each turns on whether assistance is needed: TZ (Can you offer assistance? — Complements Table II), AE 2, IX 1, IY, IY 1, KA 1, KN 1 and PK (I cannot steer without assistance).
Four movements again, and the rule is who holds the information: the vessel in distress (NC, CC, EC), the vessel that saw or heard it (DZ, EA, FF, EK), the position of it (EL–FI), and the vessel trying to reach it (EN–GF).
| Group | Vessel/aircraft in distress |
|---|---|
| DZ | Vessel (or aircraft) indicated appears to be in distress. |
| DZ 1 | Is vessel (or aircraft) indicated in distress? |
| DZ 2 | What is the name (or identity signal) of vessel in distress? |
| EA | Have you sighted or heard of a vessel in distress? (Approximate position lat . . . long . . . or bearing . . . from place indicated, distance . . .). |
| EA 1 | Have you any news of vessel/aircraft reported missing or in distress in this area? |
| EB | There is a vessel (or aircraft) in distress in lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . distance . . . from me, or Complements Table III). |
| EC | A vessel which has suffered a nuclear accident is in distress in lat . . . long . . . |
| Group | Distress signals — understood, cancelled, intercepted |
|---|---|
| ED | Your distress signals are understood. |
| ED 1 | Your distress signals are understood; the nearest life-saving station is being informed. |
| EF | SOS/MAYDAY has been cancelled. |
| EF 1 | Has the SOS/MAYDAY been cancelled? |
| FF | I have intercepted SOS/MAYDAY from vessel (name or identity signal) (or aircraft) in position lat . . . long . . . at time indicated. |
| EG | Did you hear SOS/MAYDAY given at time indicated? |
| EJ | I have received distress signal transmitted by coast station indicated. |
| EJ 1 | Have you received distress signal transmitted by coast station indicated? |
| EK | I have sighted distress signal in lat . . . long . . . |
| EK 1 | An explosion was seen or heard (position or direction and time to be indicated). |
| EK 2 | Have you heard or seen distress signal from survival craft? |
The EPIRB block runs as a square, and the numeral tells you the corner. EG 1–EG 4 are the 2182 kHz set; EG 5–EG 8 repeat the identical four sentences for . . . MHz — will you listen / I am listening / have you received / I have received, in that fixed order.
| 2182 kHz | . . . MHz | Sentence (emergency position-indicating radio beacons) |
|---|---|---|
| EG 1 | EG 5 | Will you listen on . . . for signals of emergency position-indicating radio beacons? |
| EG 2 | EG 6 | I am listening on . . . for signals of emergency position-indicating radio beacons. |
| EG 3 | EG 7 | Have you received the signal of an emergency position-indicating radio beacon on . . . ? |
| EG 4 | EG 8 | I have received the signal of an emergency position-indicating radio beacon on . . . |
| Group | Position of distress · contact or locate |
|---|---|
| EL | Repeat the distress position. |
| EL 1 | What is the position of vessel in distress? |
| FG | Position given with SOS/MAYDAY from vessel (or aircraft) was lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . from place indicated, distance . . .). |
| FG 1 | What was the position given with SOS/MAYDAY from vessel (or aircraft)? |
| FH | Position given with SOS/MAYDAY is wrong. The correct position is lat . . . long . . . |
| FI | Position given with SOS/MAYDAY by vessel is wrong. I have her bearing by radio direction-finder and can exchange bearings with any other vessel. |
| EM | Are there other vessels/aircraft in the vicinity of vessel/aircraft in distress? |
| EN | You should try to contact vessel/aircraft in distress. |
| EO | I am unable to locate vessel/aircraft in distress because of poor visibility. |
| EP | I have lost sight of you. |
| EQ | I expect to be at the position of vessel/aircraft in distress at time indicated. |
| EQ 1 | Indicate estimated time of your arrival at position of vessel/aircraft in distress. |
| BI | I am flying to likely position of vessel in distress. |
| GF | I have found vessel/aircraft in distress in lat . . . long . . . |
| GL | I have located (or found) wreckage from the vessel/aircraft in distress (position to be indicated if necessary by lat . . . and long . . . or by bearing . . . from specified place and distance . . .). |
Found the vessel, or found only wreckage? GF = I have found the vessel/aircraft in distress · GL = I have located (or found) wreckage from it. EP ("I have lost sight of you") is not a distress group at heart — it serves again as an instruction inside Search.
A footnote on this block points outside the Code: "* Reference is made to signals prescribed by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as replies from life-saving stations or maritime rescue units to distress signals made by a ship or person. See appendix 3."
The longest block in the cutIt moves in a fixed sequence, and the Code keeps every internal subheading.
Proceeding to assistance → position of the accident → marking it → information and instructions → the search itself → results of search → rescue → results of rescue
| Group | Proceeding to the accident |
|---|---|
| FE | I am proceeding to the position of accident at full speed. Expect to arrive at time indicated. |
| FE 1 | Are you proceeding to the position of accident? If so, when do you expect to arrive? |
| FF 1 | I have intercepted SOS/MAYDAY . . . at time indicated; I have heard nothing since. |
Marking the accident is one group with five means, numbered FJ 1 to FJ 5 in a fixed order; bare FJ says only that the position is marked, and FK asks whether it is.
| Group | Position of accident (or survival craft) is marked . . . |
|---|---|
| FJ | . . . is marked. (no means stated) |
| FJ 1 | . . . by flame or smoke float. |
| FJ 2 | . . . by sea marker. |
| FJ 3 | . . . by sea marker dye. |
| FJ 4 | . . . by radio beacon. |
| FJ 5 | . . . by wreckage. |
| FK | Is position of accident (or survival craft) marked? |
| Group | Information – instructions |
|---|---|
| FL | You should steer course . . . (or follow me) to reach position of accident. |
| MF | Course to reach me is . . . |
| MF 1 | What is the course to reach you? |
| FM | Visual contact with vessel is not continuous. |
| FN | I have lost all contact with vessel. |
| FO | I will keep close to you. |
| FO 1 | I will keep close to you during the night. |
| FP | Estimated set and drift of survival craft is . . . degrees and . . . knots. |
| FP 1 | What is the estimated set and drift of survival craft? |
| FQ | You should transmit your identification and series of long dashes or your carrier frequency to home vessel (or aircraft) to your position. |
| FQ 1 | Shall I home vessel (or aircraft) to my position? |
| Group | The search itself |
|---|---|
| FR | I am (or vessel indicated is) in charge of co-ordinating search. |
| FR 1 | Carry out search pattern . . . starting at . . . hours. Initial course . . ., search speed . . . knots. |
| FR 2 | Carry out radar search, ships proceeding in loose line abreast at intervals between ships . . . miles. Initial course . . . search speed . . . knots. |
| FR 3 | Vessel indicated (call sign or identity signal) is allocated track number . . . |
| FR 4 | Vessel(s) indicated adjust interval between ships to . . . miles. |
| FR 5 | Adjust track spacing to . . . miles. |
| FR 6 | Search speed will now be . . . knots. |
| FR 7 | Alter course as necessary to next leg of track now (or at time indicated). |
| FS | Please take charge of search in sector stretching between bearings . . . and . . . from vessel in distress. |
| FT | Please take charge of search in sector between lat . . . and . . . and long . . . and . . . |
| FU | The search area of the aircraft is between lat . . . and . . . and long . . . and . . . |
| FV | Search by aircraft/helicopter will be discontinued because of unfavourable conditions. |
| FW | You should search in the vicinity of lat . . . long . . . |
| FX | Shall I search in the vicinity of lat . . . long . . . ? |
| FY | I am in the search area. |
| FY 1 | Are you in the search area? |
| BP | Aircraft is coming to participate in search. Expected arrive over the area of accident at time indicated. |
| FZ | You should continue search according to instructions and until further notice. |
| FZ 1 | I am continuing to search. |
| FZ 2 | Are you continuing to search? |
| FZ 3 | Do you want me to continue to search? |
| GA | I cannot continue to search. |
| GB | You should stop search and return to base or continue your voyage. |
FW / FX and the FZ trio are the classic traps. FW orders, FX asks permission; FZ 1 states, FZ 2 asks about you, FZ 3 asks about me. The verb never changes — only who speaks about whom.
Six of the search groups carry an asterisk. The footnote reads: "* These signals are intended for use in connection with the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual (IAMSAR Manual) Volume III – Mobile Facilities." They are exactly FR 2 to FR 7 — not FR and not FR 1.
Two "report" groups frame this half and mirror each other: GC = Report results of search · GX = Report results of rescue. Everything between them is the operation itself.
| Group | Results of search |
|---|---|
| GC 1 | Results of search negative. I am continuing to search. |
| GC 2 | I have searched area of accident but have found no trace of derelict or survivors. |
| GC 3 | I have noted patches of oil at likely position of accident. |
| GD | Vessel/aircraft missing or being looked for has not been heard of since. |
| GD 1 | Have you anything to report on vessel/aircraft missing or being looked for? |
| GD 2 | Have you seen wreckage (or derelict)? |
| GE | Vessel/aircraft has been located at lat . . . long . . . |
| GG | Vessel/aircraft was last reported at time indicated in lat . . . long . . . steering course . . . |
| GH | I have sighted survival craft in lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . distance . . . from me). |
| GI | Survival craft are believed to be in the vicinity of lat . . . long . . . |
| GJ | Wreckage is reported in lat . . . long . . . |
| GJ 1 | Wreckage is reported in lat . . . long . . . No survivors appear to be in the vicinity. |
| GK | Aircraft wreckage is found in lat . . . long . . . |
| Group | Rescue — taking people off, and the line-throwing apparatus |
|---|---|
| GM | I cannot save my vessel. |
| GM 1 | I cannot save my vessel; keep as close as possible. |
| GN | You should take off persons. |
| GN 1 | I wish some persons taken off. Skeleton crew will remain on board. |
| GN 2 | I will take off persons. |
| GN 3 | Can you take off persons? |
| GO | I cannot take off persons. |
| GP | You should proceed to the rescue of vessel (or ditched aircraft) in lat . . . long . . . |
| GQ | I cannot proceed to the rescue owing to weather. You should do all you can. |
| GR | Vessel coming to your rescue (or to the rescue of vessel or aircraft indicated) is steering course . . . , speed . . . knots. |
| GR 1 | You should indicate course and speed of vessel coming to my rescue (or to the rescue of vessel or aircraft indicated). |
| GS | I will attempt rescue with whip and breeches buoy. |
| GT | I will endeavour to connect with line-throwing apparatus. |
| GT 1 | Look out for rocket-line. |
| GU | It is not safe to fire a rocket. |
| GV | You should endeavour to send me a line. |
| GV 1 | Have you a line-throwing apparatus? |
| GV 2 | Can you connect with line-throwing apparatus? |
| GV 3 | I have not a line-throwing apparatus. |
| GW | Man overboard. Please take action to pick him up (position to be indicated if necessary). |
| O | Man overboard. |
| Group | Results of rescue — who was picked up, and in what state |
|---|---|
| GX 1 | What have you (or rescue vessel/aircraft) picked up? |
| GY | I (or rescue vessel/aircraft) have picked up wreckage. |
| GZ | All persons saved. |
| GZ 1 | All persons lost. |
| HA | I (or rescue vessel/aircraft) have rescued . . . (number) injured persons. |
| HB | I (or rescue vessel/aircraft) have rescued . . . (number) survivors. |
| HC | I (or rescue vessel/aircraft) have picked up . . . (number) bodies. |
| HD | Can I transfer rescued persons to you? |
GZ and GZ 1 are one numeral apart and opposite in fact: all persons saved against all persons lost. In the HA–HC run the verb changes with the object: one rescues injured persons and survivors, but one picks up bodies.
The asterisk on GT points to the same 1974 SOLAS reference, this time "in connection with the use of shore life-saving apparatus. See appendix 3." GU sits in this block and is repeated later among the Warnings.
Where Search and rescue tracks the operation, this block tracks the people. HF–HK locate them, HL says they are not located, HM grades their condition, HN–HQ act on them.
| Group | "I have located . . ." — the object is the whole difference |
|---|---|
| HF | I have located survivors in water, lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . from place indicated, distance . . .). |
| HG | I have located survivors in survival craft lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . from place indicated, distance . . .). |
| HJ | I have located survivors on drifting ice, lat . . . long . . . |
| HK | I have located bodies in lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . from place indicated, distance . . .). |
| HL | Survivors not yet located. |
| HL 1 | I am still looking for survivors. |
| HL 2 | Have you located survivors? If so, in what position? |
| Group | Condition of survivors — a four-step scale plus the question |
|---|---|
| HM | Survivors are in bad condition. Medical assistance is urgently required. |
| HM 1 | Survivors are in bad condition. |
| HM 2 | Survivors are in good condition. |
| HM 3 | Condition of survivors not ascertained. |
| HM 4 | What is condition of survivors? |
| Group | Pick up · transfer · obtain information |
|---|---|
| HN | You should proceed to lat . . . long . . . to pick up survivors. |
| HO | Pick up survivors from drifting ice, lat . . . long . . . |
| HO 1 | Pick up survivors from sinking vessel/aircraft. |
| HP | Survivors have not yet been picked up. |
| HP 1 | Have survivors been picked up? |
| HQ | Transfer survivors to my vessel (or vessel indicated). |
| HQ 1 | Have you any survivors on board? |
| HR | You should try to obtain from survivors all possible information |
| HT | You should indicate position of survivors by throwing pyrotechnic signals. |
The same words, two families. HM is the only one of the HM run that also requests medical assistance — which is why the source prints it inside Assistance as well; HM 1 states the identical bad condition and asks for nothing. Note also the missing letters: the block jumps HG → HJ; there is no HH or HI here.
CN 1 (You should give immediate assistance to pick up survivors) is printed inside this block too, as a cross-reference from the Assistance chapter — its home wording is the one already learned there.
Opening Chapter II — Casualties – damages, the block is built out of three numbered fans: HW 1–7 names what was struck, HX 1–4 grades the damage, HY 1–6 asks after the other vessel.
| Group | "I have (or vessel indicated has) collided with . . ." |
|---|---|
| HV | Have you been in collision? |
| HW | . . . surface craft. |
| HW 1 | . . . lightvessel. |
| HW 2 | . . . submarine. |
| HW 3 | . . . unknown vessel. |
| HW 4 | . . . underwater object. |
| HW 5 | . . . navigation buoy. |
| HW 6 | . . . iceberg. |
| HW 7 | . . . floating ice. |
| I have received . . . | Above the waterline | Below the waterline |
|---|---|---|
| serious damage | HX 1 | HX 2 |
| minor damage | HX 3 | HX 4 |
The question that opens the damage fan is HX — "Have you received any damage in collision?". Read the square by pairs: odd numbers (HX 1, HX 3) are above, even numbers (HX 2, HX 4) are below; 1–2 serious, 3–4 minor.
| Group | The other vessel, the mat, the report |
|---|---|
| HY | The vessel (name or identity signal) with which I have been in collision has sunk. |
| HY 1 | . . . has resumed her voyage. |
| HY 2 | I do not know what has happened to the vessel with which I collided. |
| HY 3 | Has the vessel with which you have been in collision resumed her voyage? |
| HY 4 | What is the name (or identity signal) of the vessel with which you collided? |
| HY 5 | What is the name (or identity signal) of vessel which collided with me? My name (or identity signal) is . . . |
| HY 6 | Where is the vessel with which you collided? |
| HZ | There has been a collision between vessels indicated (names or identity signals). |
| KA | I urgently require a collision mat. |
| KA 1 | I have placed the collision mat. I can proceed without assistance. |
| KA 2 | Can you place the collision mat? |
HY 5 is the only group in the fan spoken from the other side of the collision — the vessel struck asks the name and gives its own in the same breath. HZ is the third-party report: neither vessel is "I".
The fire block is a story in five beats: I am on fire (IT) → where (IV) → gaining or under control (IW–IY) → is it out (IZ) → what I need to fight it (JA).
| Group | Declaring the fire · locating it |
|---|---|
| IT | I am on fire. |
| IT 1 · J | I am on fire and have dangerous cargo on board; keep well clear of me. |
| IT 2 | Vessel (name or identity signal) is on fire. |
| IT 3 | Are you on fire? |
| IU | Vessel (name or identity signal) on fire is located at lat . . . long . . . |
| IV | Where is the fire? |
| IV 1 | I am on fire in the engine-room. |
| IV 2 | I am on fire in the boiler-room. |
| IV 3 | I am on fire in hold or cargo. |
| IV 4 | I am on fire in passenger's or crew's quarters. |
| IV 5 | Oil is on fire. |
| Group | Gaining, controlled, extinguished |
|---|---|
| IW | Fire is under control |
| IX | Fire is gaining. |
| IX 1 | I cannot get the fire under control without assistance. |
| IX 2 | Fire has not been extinguished. |
| IY | I can get the fire under control without assistance. |
| IY 1 | Can you get the fire under control without assistance? |
| IZ | Fire has been extinguished. |
| IZ 1 | I am flooding compartment to extinguish fire. |
| IZ 2 | Is fire extinguished? |
The trio that decides the question. IX 1 = I cannot, without assistance · IY = I can, without assistance · IY 1 turns the same sentence on you. And IX 2 ("not been extinguished") is a different fact from IX ("gaining"): a fire can be neither out nor gaining.
| Group | JA — "I require . . ." : the appliance first, then the material for it |
|---|---|
| JA | . . . fire-fighting appliances. |
| JA 1 | . . . foam fire extinguishers. |
| JA 2 | . . . CO2 fire extinguishers. |
| JA 3 | . . . carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers. |
| JA 4 | . . . material for foam fire extinguishers. |
| JA 5 | . . . material for CO2 fire extinguishers. |
| JA 6 | . . . material for carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers. |
| JA 7 | . . . water pumps. |
The JA fan is a clean 1-2-3 / 4-5-6 mirror: the extinguishers in the order foam – CO2 – carbon tetrachloride, then the material for the same three in the same order, with JA 7 (water pumps) outside the mirror.
| Group | Explosion |
|---|---|
| JB | There is danger of explosion. |
| JC | There is no danger of explosion. |
| JC 1 | Is there any danger of explosion? |
| JD | Explosion has occurred in boiler. |
| JD 1 | Explosion has occurred in tank. |
| JD 2 | Explosion has occurred in cargo. |
| JD 3 | Further explosions are possible. |
| JD 4 | There is danger of toxic effects. |
| JE | Have you any casualties owing to explosion? |
Two groups reach this block from elsewhere: CB 6 (I require immediate assistance; I am on fire) from Assistance, and EK 1 (An explosion was seen or heard) from Distress signals. The single letter J repeats IT 1 word for word — the Code's own practice, not a duplicate entry.
The largest family in the cutIt is learned as an operation, not as a list.
Tug required (KF–KI) → can we tow at all (KJ–KL) → who tows whom (KM–KO) → prepare and commence (KP–KR) → the line and the hawser (KS–LA) → make fast and veer (LB–LF) → cast off (LG) → speed in tow (LH–LJ)
| Group | Tug |
|---|---|
| KF | I require a tug (or . . . (number) tugs). |
| Z | I require a tug. |
| KG | Do you require a tug(s)? |
| KG 1 | I do not require tug(s). |
| KH | Tug(s) is (are) coming to you. Expect to arrive at time indicated. |
| KH 1 | Tug with pilot is coming to you. |
| KH 2 | You should wait for tugs. |
| KI | There are no tugs available. |
| KI 1 | Tugs cannot proceed out. |
| Group | Towing — taking in tow |
|---|---|
| KJ | I am towing a submerged object. |
| KJ 1 | I am towing a float. |
| KJ 2 | I am towing a target. |
| KK | Towing is impossible under present weather conditions. |
| KK 1 | Towing is very difficult. |
| KK 2 | I cannot connect at present but will attempt when conditions improve. |
| KK 3 | I cannot connect tonight. I will try in daylight. |
| KK 4 | Can you assist with your engines? |
| KL | I am obliged to stop towing temporarily. |
| KL 1 | You should stop towing temporarily. |
| KM | I can take you (or vessel indicated) in tow. |
| KM 1 | Shall I take you in tow? |
| KN | I cannot take you (or vessel indicated) in tow. |
| KN 1 | . . . but I will report you and ask for immediate assistance. |
| KN 2 | . . . but can take off persons. |
| KO | You should endeavour to take vessel (name or identity signal) in tow. |
| KO 1 | You should report whether you have taken vessel (name or identity signal) in tow. |
| KO 2 | Can you take me (or vessel indicated) in tow? |
| KP | You should tow me to the nearest port or anchorage (or place indicated). |
| KP 1 | I will tow you to the nearest port or anchorage (or place indicated). |
| KP 2 | I must get shelter or anchorage as soon as possible. |
From KQ onwards the block becomes a strict "prepare → ready → commence" drill, and the rhythm holds: the even KQ numbers order you to prepare, the odd ones announce that I am ready.
| Order to you | My answer | Object |
|---|---|---|
| KQ Prepare to be taken in tow. | KQ 1 I am ready to be taken in tow. | being towed |
| KQ 2 Prepare to tow me (or vessel indicated). | KQ 3 I am ready to tow you. | towing |
| KQ 4 Prepare to resume towing. | KQ 5 I am ready to resume towing. | resuming |
| KR 2 You should commence towing. | KR 1 I am commencing to tow. | commencing |
| KR 3 Is all ready for towing? | KR All is ready for towing. | readiness |
| Group | Towing line — cable/hawser |
|---|---|
| KS | You should send a line over. |
| KS 1 | I have taken the line. |
| KT | You should send me a towing hawser. |
| KT 1 | I am sending towing hawser |
| KU | I cannot send towing hawser. |
| KU 1 | I have no, or no other, hawser. |
| KU 2 | I have no wire hawser. |
| KU 3 | Have you a hawser? |
| KV | I intend to use my towing hawser/cable. |
| KV 1 | I intend to use your towing hawser/cable. |
| KW | You should have towing hawser/cable ready. |
| KW 2 | You should have another hawser ready. |
| KW 3 | You should have spare towing hawser/cable ready. |
| KW 5 | You should have wire hawser ready. |
| KX | You should be ready to receive the towing hawser. |
| KX 2 | You should come closer to receive towing hawser. |
| KX 4 | I have received towing hawser. |
| KY | Length of tow is . . . (number) fathoms. |
| KZ | You should shorten in the towing hawser (or shorten distance between vessels). |
| KZ 2 | You should haul in the hawser. |
| KZ 4 | You should haul in the slack. |
| LA | Towing hawser/cable has parted. |
| LA 1 | Towing hawser/cable is in danger of parting. |
| LA 2 | Towing hawser/cable is damaged. |
| LA 3 | You should reinforce the hawsers. |
Across KW, KX and KZ the odd numeral answers the even order. "You should . . ." carries the plain or even number; "I am / I have . . ." carries the next number up — KW 1 (towing hawser/cable is ready), KW 4 (spare is ready), KW 6 (wire hawser is ready), KX 1 (I am ready to receive), KX 3 (I am coming closer), KZ 1, KZ 3, KZ 5, LA 4. Lose the rhythm and you invert the speaker.
| Group | Make fast · veer · cast off · speed in tow |
|---|---|
| LB | You should make towing hawser fast to your chain cable. |
| LB 2 | You should make towing hawser fast to wire. |
| LB 4 | My towing hawser is fast. |
| LB 5 | Is your towing hawser fast? |
| LC | You should make fast astern and steer me. |
| LD | You should veer your hawser/cable ( . . . (number) fathoms) |
| LE | I am about to veer my hawser/cable. |
| LE 2 | I have veered my hawser/cable. |
| LE 3 | I shall veer cable attached to hawser. |
| LE 4 | How much cable should I veer? |
| LF | You should stop veering your hawser/cable. |
| LF 1 | I cannot veer any more hawser/cable. |
| LG | You should prepare to cast off towing hawser(s). |
| LG 3 | You should cast off starboard towing hawser. |
| LG 5 | You should cast off port towing hawser. |
| LG 8 | I must cast off towing hawser(s). |
| LH | Maximum speed in tow is . . . (number) knots. |
| LI / LI 1 | I am increasing speed. / Increase speed. |
| LJ / LJ 1 | I am reducing speed. / Reduce speed. |
Where the LG fan is completed: LG 1 and LG 2 are my preparation and my readiness, LG 4 and LG 6 report the starboard and port hawsers cast off, LG 7 orders "cast off hawser(s)" without a side. And at the end of the cast-off table the source prints an "Engine manoeuvres" cross-reference (the whole of QD–QM plus RL, RL 1, RM, RM 1) — all of it belongs to Chapter IV Manoeuvres and is learned there, not here.
Chapter III opens with the things that mark the water and the waters that are marked: a buoy or beacon is established (LK) or removed (LL); a light is extinguished (LN); a lightvessel is out of position (LO).
| Group | Buoys – beacons · lights – lightvessels |
|---|---|
| LK | Buoy (or beacon) has been established in lat . . . long . . . |
| LL | Buoy (or beacon) in lat . . . long . . . has been removed. |
| PL | You should steer directly for the buoy (or object indicated). |
| PL 1 | You should keep buoy (or object indicated) on your starboard side. |
| PL 2 | You should keep buoy (or object indicated) on your port side. |
| PL 3 | You can pass the buoy (or object indicated) on either side. |
| LM | Radio beacon indicated is out of action. |
| LN | Light (name follows) has been extinguished. |
| LN 1 | All lights are out along this coast (or the coast of . . .). |
| LO | I am not in my correct position (to be used by a lightvessel). |
| LO 1 | Lightvessel (name follows) is out of position. |
| LO 2 | Lightvessel (name follows) has been removed from her station. |
LO is the one group the Code reserves to a kind of vessel. "I am not in my correct position" is annotated to be used by a lightvessel, and is spoken in the first person, while LO 1 reports a lightvessel out of position and LO 2 says she has been removed from her station: adrift is not withdrawn.
| Group | Bar — only depth and safety |
|---|---|
| LP | There is not less than . . . (number) feet or metres of water over the bar. |
| LQ | There will be . . . (number) feet or metres of water over the bar at time indicated. |
| LR | Bar is not dangerous. |
| LR 1 | What is the depth of water over the bar? |
| LR 2 | Can I cross the bar? |
| LS | Bar is dangerous. |
| Group | Canal · channel/fairway |
|---|---|
| LX | The canal is clear. |
| LX 1 | The canal will be clear at time indicated. |
| LX 2 | You can enter the canal at time indicated. |
| LX 3 | Is the canal clear? |
| LX 4 | When can I enter the canal? |
| LY | The canal is not clear |
| LZ | The channel/fairway is navigable. |
| LZ 1 | I intend to pass through the channel/fairway. |
| LZ 3 | What is the state of the channel/fairway? |
| LZ 4 | What is the least depth of water in the channel/fairway? |
| MA | The least depth of water in the channel/fairway is . . . (number) feet or metres. |
| MB | You should keep in the centre of the channel/fairway. |
| MB 1 | You should keep on the starboard side of the channel/fairway. |
| MB 2 | You should keep on the port side of the channel/fairway. |
| MB 3 | You should leave the channel/fairway free. |
| MC | There is an uncharted obstruction in the channel/fairway. You should proceed with caution. |
| MC 1 | The channel/fairway is not navigable. |
| MC 2 | The (-) lane of the traffic separation scheme is not navigable. (The direction of the traffic flow is to be indicated). |
LZ 2 asks "Is the channel/fairway navigable?" and closes the LZ question run. YG — "You appear not to be complying with the traffic separation scheme" — is printed inside this table as a cross-reference; in this cut it never has a table of its own.
Three layers, and the grammar changes with each: an object is dangerous (MJ–MP), my vessel is the danger (MQ–MX, radiation), an act is dangerous (MY . . .), and finally you are the one in danger (NF–NH).
| Group | Derelict – wreck – shoal |
|---|---|
| MJ | Derelict dangerous to navigation reported in lat . . . long . . . (or Complements Table III). |
| MK | I have seen derelict (in lat . . . long . . . at time indicated). |
| MK 1 | Have you seen derelict (or wreckage)? |
| ML | Derelict is drifting near lat . . . long . . . (or bearing . . . from place indicated, distance . . .). |
| ML 1 | Hull of derelict is awash. |
| ML 2 | Hull of derelict is well out of the water. |
| MM | There is a wreck in lat . . . long . . . |
| MM 1 | Wreck is buoyed. |
| MM 2 | Wreck is awash. |
| MN | Wreck (in lat . . . long . . .) is not buoyed. |
| MO | I have struck a shoal or submerged object (lat . . . long . . .). |
| MP | I am in shallow water. Please direct me how to navigate. |
Buoyed or not buoyed is the pair the examiner reaches for. MM 1 = wreck is buoyed · MN = wreck is not buoyed — a different letter, not a numeral. "Awash" appears twice: the derelict's hull (ML 1) and the wreck (MM 2).
| Group | Radiation danger — the area, then my own vessel |
|---|---|
| MQ | There is risk of contamination due to excessive release of radioactive material in this area (or in area around lat . . . long . . .). Keep radio watch. Relay the message to vessels in your vicinity. |
| MQ 1 | The radioactive material is airborne. |
| MQ 2 | The radioactive material is waterborne. |
| MR | There is no, or no more, risk of contamination . . . in this area. |
| MR 1 | Is there risk of contamination . . . in this area? |
| MS | My vessel is a dangerous source of radiation. |
| MS 1 | . . . you may approach from my starboard side. |
| MS 2 | . . . you may approach from my port side. |
| MS 3 | . . . you may approach from forward. |
| MS 4 | . . . you may approach from aft. |
| MT | My vessel is a dangerous source of radiation. You may approach from . . . (Complements Table III). |
| MU | My vessel is a dangerous source of radiation. Do not approach within . . . (number) cables. |
| MV | My vessel is releasing radioactive material and presents a hazard. |
| MW | My vessel is releasing radioactive material and presents a hazard. Do not approach within . . . (number) cables. |
| MX | The radioactive material is airborne. Do not approach from leeward. |
The radiation table is where the nuclear cross-references live. AD (abandoning after a nuclear accident) and EC (a vessel that has suffered a nuclear accident is in distress) are repeated here, and AJ ("I have had a serious nuclear accident and you should approach with caution") and AK ("I have had a nuclear accident on board") exist in this cut only as these two lines. MS is a source of radiation; MV is actively releasing material — do not merge them.
| Group | "It is dangerous to . . ." — the MY fan |
|---|---|
| MY | . . . stop. |
| MY 1 | . . . remain in present position. |
| MY 2 | . . . proceed on present course. |
| MY 3 | . . . proceed until weather permits. |
| MY 4 | . . . alter course to starboard. |
| MY 5 | . . . alter course to port. |
| MY 6 | . . . approach close to my vessel. |
| MY 7 | . . . let go an anchor or use bottom trawl. |
| MY 8 | . . . jettison inflammable oil. |
| Group | Dangerous navigation · closed and prohibited water · running into danger |
|---|---|
| MZ | Navigation is dangerous in the area around lat . . . long . . . |
| VZ | . . . owing to iceberg(s). |
| VZ 1 | . . . owing to floating ice. |
| VZ 2 | . . . owing to pack ice. |
| MZ 1 | I consider you are carrying out a dangerous navigational practice and I intend to report you |
| NA | Navigation is closed |
| NA 1 | Navigation is possible only with tug assistance. |
| NA 2 | Navigation is possible only with pilot assistance. |
| NA 3 | Navigation is prohibited within 500 m of this platform. |
| NA 5 | You have been detected navigating within a 500 m safety zone (about the platform bearing (-) from me) and will be reported. |
| NA 6 | Anchors with buoys extend up to one mile from this vessel/rig – you should keep clear. |
| NB | There is fishing gear in the direction you are heading (or in direction indicated – Complements Table III). |
| ND | Tsunami (phenomenal wave) is expected. You should take appropriate precautions |
| VL | Tropical storm (cyclone, hurricane, typhoon) is approaching. You should take appropriate precautions. |
| NF · U | You are running into danger. |
| NF 1 | You are running into danger; there is a radiation hazard. |
| NG | You are in a dangerous position. |
| NG 1 | You are in a dangerous position; there is a radiation hazard. |
| NH | You are clear of all danger. |
| NH 1 | Are you clear of all danger? |
| NI | I have (or vessel indicated has) a list of . . . (number) degrees to starboard. |
| NJ | I have (or vessel indicated has) a list of . . . (number) degrees to port. |
The NE run says the same seven words and changes only the reason: "You should proceed with great caution" — bare (NE), the coast is dangerous (1), submarines are exercising (2), there is a boom across (3), keep clear of firing range (4), hostile vessel (5), hostile submarine (6), hostile aircraft (7): the hostile trio always closes the fan in that order.
This table also gathers groups whose home is elsewhere: GU (It is not safe to fire a rocket), MC, RE (You should change your anchorage/berth. It is not safe.), UL (All vessels should proceed to sea as soon as possible owing to danger in port), TH, TI and TJ (navigate with caution — small fishing boats within . . . miles of me, drifting towards my set of nets, nets with a buoy in this area), and YG twice more. NA 4 mirrors NA 3 for "the platform bearing (-) from me".
Chapter IV is the most regular part of the Code, and one rule carries most of it: the Q letters run in twin blocks — ahead (QD–QH), then astern (QI–QM) — with the same sentences in the same order in each.
| Ahead – headway | Astern – sternway | Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| QD | QI | I am going ahead / astern. |
| QD 1 | QI 1 · S | My engines are going ahead / astern. |
| QD 2 | QI 2 | I will keep going ahead / astern. |
| QD 3 | QI 3 | I will go ahead / astern. |
| QD 4 | QI 4 | I will go ahead / astern dead slow. |
| QE | QJ | I have headway / sternway. |
| QF | QK | I cannot go ahead / astern. |
| QG | QL | You should go ahead / astern. |
| QG 1 | QL 1 | You should go slow ahead / astern. |
| QG 2 | QL 2 | You should go full speed ahead / astern. |
| QG 3 | QL 3 | You should keep going ahead / astern. |
| QG 4 | QL 4 | You should keep your engines going ahead / astern. |
| QH | QM | You should not go ahead / astern any more. |
Learn the ahead column and the astern column comes free — if the offset is right: QD↔QI, QE↔QJ, QF↔QK, QG↔QL, QH↔QM — a constant jump of five letters. Slip one letter and "you should go astern" becomes "I cannot go astern".
| Group | Alongside |
|---|---|
| QN | You should come alongside my starboard side. |
| QN 1 | You should come alongside my port side. |
| QN 2 | You should drop an anchor before coming alongside. |
| QO | You should not come alongside. |
| QP | I will come alongside. |
| QP 1 | I will try to come alongside. |
| I require health clearance. | |
| QR | I cannot come alongside. |
| QR 1 | Can I come alongside? |
| Group | To anchor · anchor(s) · anchorage |
|---|---|
| QS | You should anchor at time indicated. |
| QS 2 | You should anchor to await tug. |
| QS 3 | You should anchor with both anchors. |
| QS 4 | You should anchor as convenient. |
| QT | You should not anchor. You are going to foul my anchor. |
| QU | Anchoring is prohibited. |
| QV | I am anchoring in position indicated. |
| QW | I shall not anchor. |
| QW 1 | I cannot anchor. |
| QX | I request permission to anchor. |
| QX 1 | You have permission to anchor. |
| QY | I wish to anchor at once. |
| QY 1 | Where shall I anchor? |
| QZ | You should have your anchors ready for letting go. |
| QZ 1 | You should let go another anchor. |
| RA | My anchor is foul. |
| RA 1 | I have picked up telegraph cable with my anchor. |
| RB · Y | I am dragging my anchor. |
| RB 1 | You appear to be dragging your anchor. |
| RB 2 | Where you have anchored (or intend to anchor) you are likely to drag. |
| RC | I am (or vessel indicated is) breaking adrift. |
| RC 1 | I have broken adrift. |
| RD | You should weigh (cut or slip) anchor immediately. |
| RD 2 | I am unable to weigh my anchor. |
| RE | You should change your anchorage/berth. It is not safe. |
| RF | Will you lead me into a safe anchorage? |
| RG | You should send a boat to where I am to anchor or moor. |
| RH | There is no good holding ground in my area (or around lat . . . long . . .). |
| RI | There is good holding ground in my area (or around lat . . . long . . .). |
Three near-identical refusals to anchor. QW = I shall not (my decision) · QW 1 = I cannot (impossibility) · QU = anchoring is prohibited (the rule). And in the holding-ground pair the negative comes first: RH is the bad ground, RI the good one, RI 1 the question.
QS 1 ("You should anchor", position if necessary) and QS 5 ("Are you going to anchor?") close the QS fan; QV 1 reports both anchors down; RD 1 sets the time for weighing; RG 1 asks at what time to come into anchorage. UB (heave to or anchor until pilot arrives), KP / KP 1 / KP 2, RW and RZ 1 are printed inside the Anchorage table as cross-references from Towing, Pilot and Proceed.
| Group | Engines · propeller |
|---|---|
| RJ | You should keep your engines ready. |
| RJ 2 | You should report when your engines are ready. |
| RJ 3 | You should leave when your engines are ready. |
| RK 1 | My engines are ready. |
| RL | You should stop your engines immediately. |
| RL 1 | You should stop your engines. |
| RM | My engines are stopped. |
| RM 1 | I am stopping my engines. |
| RM 2 | I am obliged to stop my engines. |
| RN | My engines are out of action. |
| RO | Propeller shaft is broken. |
| RO 1 | My propeller is fouled by hawser or rope. |
| RO 2 | I have lost my propeller. |
The two stopping pairs sit one letter apart and mean opposite things. RL / RL 1 order you to stop your engines · RM / RM 1 report that mine are stopped or stopping. RM 2 adds compulsion; RN is breakdown, not a manoeuvre.
| Group | Landing · boarding · manoeuvre |
|---|---|
| RP | Landing here is highly dangerous. |
| RP 1 | Landing here is highly dangerous. A more favourable location for landing is at position indicated. |
| RQ | Interrogative or "the significance of the previous group should be read as a question". |
| RR | This is the best place to land. |
| RR 1 | Lights will be shown or flag waved at the best landing place. |
| DC | Boat should endeavour to land where flag is waved or light is shown. |
| DD 1 | Boats are not allowed to land (after time indicated). |
| RS | No-one is allowed on board. |
| RT · X | Stop carrying out your intentions and watch for my signals. |
| RT 1 | What manoeuvres do you intend to carry out? |
| RU · D | Keep clear of me; I am manoeuvring with difficulty. |
| RU 1 | I am carrying out manoeuvring trials. |
The asterisks in the Landing block point outside the Code. RP, RP 1, RR and RR 1 carry: "* Reference is made to landing signals prescribed by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, for the guidance of small boats with crews or persons in distress. See appendix 3." RQ carries a double asterisk: "** Procedure signal." — it is no landing signal at all, only an alphabetical neighbour. SQ 3 is printed in the Boarding table as well as under Stop – heave to.
| Group | Proceed · under way |
|---|---|
| RV | You should proceed (to place indicated if necessary). |
| RV 1 | You should proceed to destination. |
| RV 2 | You should proceed into port. |
| RV 3 | You should proceed to sea. |
| RW | You should proceed to an anchorage in position indicated (lat . . . long . . .). |
| RX | You should proceed at time indicated. |
| RY | You should proceed at slow speed when passing me (or vessels making this signal). |
| RZ | You should not proceed (to place indicated if necessary). |
| RZ 1 | You should not proceed out of harbour/anchorage. |
| SA | I can proceed at time indicated. |
| SB | I am proceeding to the position of accident. |
| IJ | I will try to proceed by my own means but I request you to keep in contact with me by . . . (Complements Table 1). |
| IK | I can proceed at . . . (number) knots. |
| IL | I can only proceed at slow speed. |
| IL 1 | I can only proceed with one engine. |
| IL 2 | I am unable to proceed under my own power. |
| IL 3 | Are you in a condition to proceed? |
| SC | I am under way. |
| SC 1 | I am ready to get under way. |
| SC 2 | I shall get under way as soon as the weather permits. |
| SD | I am not ready to get under way. |
| SF | Are you (or vessel indicated) under way? |
| Group | Speed · stop – heave to |
|---|---|
| SG | My present speed is . . . (number) knots. |
| SJ | My maximum speed is . . . (number) knots. |
| SL | What is your present speed? |
| SL 1 | What is your maximum speed? |
| SM | I am undergoing speed trials. |
| SN | You should stop immediately. Do not scuttle. Do not lower boats. Do not use the wireless. If you disobey I shall open fire on you. |
| SO · L | You should stop your vessel instantly. |
| SO 1 | You should stop. Head offshore. |
| SO 2 | You should remain where you are. |
| SP | Take the way off your vessel. |
| SP 1 · M | My vessel is stopped and making no way through the water. |
| SQ | You should stop or heave to. |
| SQ 1 | . . . otherwise I shall open fire on you. |
| SQ 2 | . . . I am going to send a boat. |
| SQ 3 | . . . I am going to board you. |
| XP | I am (or vessel indicated is) stopped in thick fog. |
| Group | V · Cargo – ballast |
|---|---|
| ST | What is your cargo? |
| SU → SU 8 | My cargo is: agricultural products (SU) · coal (1) · dairy products (2) · fruit products (3) · heavy equipment/machinery (4) · livestock (5) · lumber (6) · oil/petroleum products (7) · I have a general cargo (8). |
| SV | I am not seaworthy due to shifting of cargo or ballast. |
| SW · B | I am taking in, or discharging, or carrying dangerous goods. |
| SX | You should not discharge oil or oily mixture. |
| SY | The discharge of oil or oily mixture in this area is prohibited within . . . (number) miles from the nearest land. |
The SU fan is alphabetical by cargo — agricultural, coal, dairy, fruit, heavy equipment, livestock, lumber, oil — and only SU 8 breaks the pattern, saying "I have a general cargo" instead of "My cargo is . . .".
| Group | V · Pilot |
|---|---|
| UA | Pilot will arrive at time indicated. |
| UB | You should heave to or anchor until pilot arrives. |
| H | I have a pilot on board. |
| G | I require a pilot. |
| UC | Is a pilot available in this place (or place indicated)? |
| UE | Where can I get a pilot (for destination indicated if necessary)? |
| UF | You should follow pilot boat (or vessel indicated). |
| UG | You should steer in my wake. |
| PM | You should follow in my wake (or wake of vessel indicated). |
| PM 1 | You should go ahead and lead the course. |
| UH | Can you lead me into port? |
| UI | Sea is too rough; pilot boat cannot get off to you. |
| UJ | Make a starboard lee for the pilot boat. |
| UJ 1 | Make a port lee for the pilot boat. |
| UK | Pilot boat is most likely on bearing . . . from you. |
| UK 1 | Have you seen the pilot boat? |
| OL | Is radar pilotage being effected in this port (or port indicated)? |
The single letters, gathered — each repeats a two-letter group word for word. V I require assistance · W I require medical assistance · J I am on fire and have dangerous cargo on board; keep well clear of me · Z I require a tug · O Man overboard · U You are running into danger · S My engines are going astern · L You should stop your vessel instantly · M My vessel is stopped and making no way through the water · X Stop carrying out your intentions and watch for my signals · D Keep clear of me; I am manoeuvring with difficulty · Y I am dragging my anchor · B I am taking in, or discharging, or carrying dangerous goods · H I have a pilot on board · G I require a pilot.
Under its own heading the Pilot block carries the cross-reference "(see also page 86, Navigating and steering instructions)" — a page outside this cut; nothing from it is available here. Chapter V itself continues past UK 1 in the book, into pages the cut does not reach.